Lately, it seems there has been an ever-growing buzz in the media regarding native plants. We here at Outdoor Design Group appreciate this budding interest in native plants, but we have a long-established love and interest in utilizing native plants in the landscapes we design.
The blooming enthusiasm for North American, as well as regionally specific native plants got us thinking about how to advise native plant newbies to get started with these plants in their gardens and landscapes.
If you’re not sure why you should include native plants in your Colorado landscape (or any landscape anywhere on earth for that matter), here are a few reasons:
They’re adapted to the water, light, soil and temperature fluctuations and constraints of your area.
They’re adapted to the animals and insects of your region, providing food & shelter for the native fauna, as well as being generally more resistant to browsing by insects and other animals.
Utilizing them in your landscape design helps anchor your property in the ‘place’ of your region. Put another way: Why grow plants that can be grown in New York, London or Tokyo? Why not grow plants that show your interest and love of the region you live in?
This brings us to a quick list of the 14 Easiest Colorado Native Plants to include in your landscape.
Before we get to the list, we must mention one big caveat: the term “native” plant is somewhat subjective. What area is one referring to when they say, “native to a certain region”? North America? The Great Plains? The Rocky Mountains? The state of Colorado? Only within a 50-mile radius of your location? The native plants we are presenting on the following list are mostly native to the Rocky Mountain region, while some on the list are more broadly native to North America.
The other thing we should mention is that while native plants have various and obvious good reasons to be utilized in one’s landscape, there are many non-native plants that can be good and ecologically appropriate choices for a certain landscape as well.
It’s worth mentioning that even if a plant is native to your region or state, that doesn’t mean that these plants will do well in every situation your yard presents. For example, aspen trees are native to the state of Colorado and surrounding Rocky Mountain states, but only are they native to the mountains and foothills. Aspen trees often struggle on the hotter drier front range cities east of the mountains where Denver is located. And just because a plant is a “native” does not mean that it won’t perform like an invasive weed. An example of this is Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) which is a North American native vine but reseeds readily in many areas and can be difficult to remove.
It all depends on many factors! Now, on to our list of great native plants to grow in Colorado:
TREES:
– Blue Spruce (Picea pungens). Sporting a conical and classic Christmas Tree form, this evergreen tree has moderate water needs so should be thoughtfully placed if your property is hotter & drier. There are many cultivars to choose from. This is one evergreen tree that might do better in an irrigated lawn.
-Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Aristata). This is a tough pine tree that is native to higher elevations but can do well in some locations at lower elevations. It can have an irregular and shrubby form. Like most pines, it has low water requirements.
Bristle Cone Pine
-Pinon Pine (Pinus edulis). The native range of this pine is generally southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. This is a good pine tree for hotter and drier locations. Its form is somewhat bushy and rounded. And the nuts are edible!
-Cottonwood (Populus spp.). There are several types of cottonwoods to choose from. They are all tough and dependable, but they don’t live very long. And some varieties have a suckering habit. They prefer moist soils, and they grow fast. They can be messy as well, so best for informal areas or larger properties.
-Bigtooth Maple (Acer grandidentatum). One of the few maples that can survive drought type conditions. Related to sugar maples, this native of the Rocky Mountain region has orange-red fall color and is more adapted to Colorado’s alkaline soils so it shouldn’t suffer chlorosis like other maple trees. This tree maxes out at 20-30 ft. tall and is more shrub-like (with multiple stems) and not a classic shade tree shape like some more popular and common (but not suited for Colorado soils) maple trees sold in local nurseries.
Bigtooth Maple, fall color
SHRUBS:
-Currants (Ribes spp.). There are several native varieties of currants to choose from. One of our favorites is Crandall Clove Currant, Ribes odoratum ‘Crandall’
-Yucca (Yucca spp.). Yuccas are tough plants that are well adapted to most areas of Colorado and the surrounding states. Some species and varieties are less cold hardy than others. If you’re bored with the local native Soapweed Yucca, you could try Banana Yucca, Beaked Yucca or even Dollhouse Yucca. If you’re worried about the stiff spiky leaves, you could opt for Yucca filamentosa, which has spiky tips, but the leaves are less stiff. It is native to the Southeastern United States, so they’re less drought tolerant than other yuccas.
Adam’s Needle Yucca
-Agave (Agave spp.). Agaves bring stunning architectural interest to the garden with their sword-like leaves. Most agaves that are native to North America are not cold tolerant enough to be grown in Colorado, but there are at least 3 species that can handle winter in greater Denver and other Front Range areas, as well as The Grand Valley on the Western Slope. Any areas that are at least USDA zone 5 or higher. As with cacti, keeping the agave roots on the dry side during winter will help them survive the cold. One of the cold hardiest Agaves is the Harvard’s Agave, Agave havardiana.
-Opuntia Cacti (Opuntia spp.). If you can get past the spines, you will be rewarded with amazing flowers in late spring. Not every Opuntia cacti variety is cold hardy enough for all of Colorado. But a few varieties are hardy to zone 5 and are great additions to your xeriscape, providing a stunning floral display in spring and interesting shapes and forms all year round. And if the spines are a roadblock to enjoying these North American natives, there are some cultivars with less spines. Cacti will be happier if their roots can be in mostly dry and well-drained soil throughout the winter.
Opuntia, Chocolate Princess cultivar
Perennials & Ornamental Grasses:
– Native Blanket Flower (Gaillardia aristata). Blanket Flower is a wonderful North American native flower that provides eye-popping yellow, orange and red color when it blooms in late summer to early fall.
– Penstemon (Penstemon spp.). There are so many Penstemon cultivars and nativars to choose from, its hard to pick just one. Some live longer than others. Two of our favorite penstemons (how can we pick just 2?!?) are Penstemon pseudospectabilis, and Penstemon pinifolius.
Pineleaf Penstemon
– Desert Four-O’-Clock (Mirabilis multiflora). The Desert Four-o-clock is a low-growing perennial that is very drought tolerant. It grows and spreads fast during summer with a display of bright magenta-pink blooms, but it is an herbaceous perennial, so it “dies” back to the ground every fall, like peonies.
– Columbine (Aquilegia spp.). A classic perennial plant with many varieties to choose from. These plants generally do better in cooler & wetter conditions. It’s best to save them for the part sun / part shade areas of your property.
– Blonde Ambition Grama Grass (Bouteloua gracillis ‘Blonde Ambition’). This nativar, discovered by the late David Salman of High Country Gardens, has exploded in popularity, almost to the point of being overplanted. But it’s popular for good reasons. It is tough, drought tolerant and visually striking in the fall when it sends out its one-sided seed heads that catch the sunlight in the waning days of autumn.
Blonde Ambition Grass
This is the official blog of Outdoor Design Group, Colorado Landscape Architects. For more information about our business and our services, click here.
Once upon a time, there was a castle guarded by soldiers. Enemies obscured by the trees would sneak close to the castle, so the soldiers reduced the threat by removing the trees. Without the trees, the land filled in with grasses, thyme, and chamomile. Animals began to graze in these new fields, keeping the plants low. The soldiers could see clearly across the land, and the sheep were fat and happy. The castle prospered, and everyone who visited wished their land could be so grand. The other land owners cut down their trees and filled in their land with grasses. The smell from the grazing animals wasn’t ideal, so they brought in men to cut the grasses low instead.
The “green carpet” surrounding the finest castles and estates in the 16th & 17th century became a status symbol, and planted the seed for the sod lawn we’re all familiar with today.
In the United States after WWII, automobile technology and availability took off. With the open road ahead of them, well-to-do folks left the cramped urban conditions of the cities, moving outward to new suburban neighborhoods.
Planners like Frederick Law Olmsted and Abraham Levitt gave the people sprawling neighborhoods, with acres of lush green grass. With the popularity of the 2-day weekend on the rise, homeowners indulged in their green Edens. This ignited a new chapter for the centuries old status symbol of the turf lawn – now repurposed for mini-golf and lawn bowl rather than spying enemy invaders and feeding livestock.
“No single feature of a suburban residential community contributes as much to the charm and beauty of the individual home and the locality as well-kept lawns” – Abraham Levitt
Ingrained into the new vision for the American Dream, well-kept lawns became the golden standard. With an estimated 30 to 40-million acres of the United States serving as an irrigated sod lawn today, this status symbol is butting heads with our resources and priorities.
The cold hard truth about lawns are that they are a water hog, high maintenance (what other non-food-production plants do you cut weekly, fertilize seasonally, and treat with chemicals?!), lawns are a food desert for animals & insects, and they do nothing for our groundwater while the water runoff often pollutes creeks and streams with high nitrogen fertilizers, causing harmful algae blooms. All of that lawn maintenance also creates air pollution and noise pollution from mowers, blowers, and trimmer equipment.
A renovation project where Outdoor Design Group helped our client reduce their turf lawn.
But lawns can be great in the right location!
This is where “active-use” vs. “passive-use” spaces come into play. Lawns can be very durable, and are amazing for active children and pets. Maintaining a lawn to play and entertain on is a lovely idea. Kentucky Bluegrass has been a popular turf choice for decades, but climate suited alternatives like Dog-Tuff Buffalo Grass, Bermuda grass, or “steppable perennial lawns” made up of creeping thyme or clover can serve the same purpose as high-water turf lawns with fewer drawbacks. While choosing the right type of lawn for your environment is a start, reducing the overall amount of lawn is still the key to a progressive and sustainable landscape. Maintaining any type of lawn on the side or front of your house where no-one ever spends their time is wasteful for you, your wallet, and the environment.
Steppable groundcover used with other perennials, step stones and mulch.
Consider ditching the golf-course-quality front-yard peacocking and save that neighborly competitiveness for the holiday light display. Instead, beef up your shrub beds, add some neat planters, and opt for native seed mixes that include drought-tolerant grasses & wildflowers. Keep your lawn only where you will use it, and plant a nice tree just west or south of it to keep it cooler and healthier during hot sunny days.
A front yard filled with a diversity of ornamental grasses, perennials, shrubs, landscape rock and mulch.
This is the official blog of Outdoor Design Group, Colorado Landscape Architects. For more information about our business and our services, click here.
It seems that the fields of landscaping and gardening are
full of many timeworn statements that people like to repeat over and over. Some
of these green “rules of thumb” are tried and true, while others may
not be so true.
One landscape stereotype regarding tree growth rates that is being challenged is the old adage that “oak trees grow slowly”. I have heard and read this many times and I have repeated this mantra myself for years. But a study of urban trees in the Denver Metro area, published by the Colorado State Forest Service, got me to rethink that stereotype.
This tree study recorded the growth rates of 19 commonly
planted trees planted in public land in the Denver suburb of Westminster, for
24 years. The authors of the study measured the trunk diameters of the trees in
1992, 2000, 2008, and 2016.
The most eye-opening nugget of information in this report is
that the white oak group of trees (bur, swamp white and English oak) were the
3rd fastest growing trees in the study! They grew faster than green ash,
lindens or honeylocust trees. They even
had the same rate of recorded growth as silver maples, a species often referred
to as a “fast grower.”
Data table from the Colorado State Forest Service’s study “Growth Rates of Common Urban Trees in Westminster, Colorado”. Authors: K.A. Wood and A.M. Poulson
One important take-away from this study for me is the fact
that we should reevaluate what trees seem to be the best for planting in
challenging ecosystems such as the urban/suburban areas of the high plains
where Denver sits. It is worth quoting the State Forest Service report to
emphasize this point:
“Some tree species revealed to be fast or moderate growers in this
study have previously been viewed as slow growers, and they are often passed
over at planting time. However, equating growth rates with vigor can be
misleading, as some of the slower-growing tree types on this list can be the
most adaptable to the area (including hawthorn, hackberry and honeylocust).
Adding newly discovered fast-growing species to the planting palette and
incorporating hardy, slow-growing species will maximize the success of planting
projects and promote species diversity.”
To be clear, it is only one type of oak trees (white oaks)
that exhibited fast growth in the study sample. Red oak was also in the study
and showed slower growth. The authors note this is possibly due to the low pH
of high plains soils.
It very well could be that other types of oak trees grow
slowly too, but we don’t have data for that. Or, perhaps another study may come
along and challenge that, as well.
So, as with many “rule-of-thumb” type
statements, don’t believe it until you have seen some data to back it up.
This is the official blog of Outdoor Design Group, Colorado Landscape Architects. For more information about our business and our services, click here.
It’s summer, which means in Colorado and other surrounding states in the Central Plains/Inter-mountain West region of the country, it is Hail Season!
Earlier in the Summer, the Denver area had several sessions of hail that ripped through gardens and landscapes late one June night. Avid gardens who’d been awakened by the cacophony of thunder, torrential rain and hail that night, sleepily rushed out in the morning to find shredded plants and debris scattered everywhere. I myself had many plants I’d been babying from seed and roots all Spring which were severely torn up by the barrage of hail stones.
This horticultural carnage got me wondering what plants are best at surviving the annual severe weather in our region? As I walked around the yard sadly inspecting the damage, it was easy to see that the native and climate adapted plants fared best from the aerial ice-bullet onslaught. So I thought it might be a good idea to create a list of “hail-proof” (or at least “hail-resistant”) plants. The following list of plants is just a cursory look at some possible plant choices that should be better able to handle hail storms:
Ornamental Grasses:
-Many, many varieties. Some of the hardiest, and easiest to grow in our region are Feather Reed (Calamagrostis spp.), Switch grass (Panicum virgatum), Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and Giant Sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii)
This is the official blog of Outdoor Design Group, Colorado Landscape Architects. For more information about our business and our services, click here.
After a long hot summer in Colorado, the fall season may seem like a time to forget about your yard or garden and start focusing your attention indoors. But fall is a great time for some low-water perennial plants to look their best and shine in your xeriscape garden. The following list of plants take center stage during the fall season, and keep your landscape looking great beyond the arrival of the autumnal equinox.
Anemone (various species and cultivars)
Anemones are a great plant for the shadier areas of your landscape. While not as drought tolerant as the other plants on this list, they grow very well with afternoon shade and a medium amount of water.
Anemone
Tall Sedums, various cultivars
The tall sedums are a classic addition to the fall blooming garden. With low to average water needs, they are perfect for most xeriscape gardens.
This cousin of the popular groundcover plant Orange Carpet California Fuschia (also a good late bloomer) has similar dazzling orange trumpet shaped flowers that pollinators adore.
Hummingbird Flower
Furman’s Red Salvia, Salvia greggii (several species and cultivars available in the Salvia genus)
There are so many different and wonderful plants in the Salvia genus that are remarkable additions to your low-water landscape. Furman’s Red Salvia is one plant we have raved about many times, and it never fails to keep us captivated by its lovely and numerous red blooms that drape these plants from summer heat to fall frost. One note of caution on this plant would be the hardiness. It is rated as only hardy to zone 6, so be careful where you place it. A warmer micro-climate location in your landscape would be best.
Furman’s Red Salvia
Blanket flower, Gaillardia (various cultivars available)
While the blanket flowers bloom more profusely in the heat of the summer, they continue to bloom into fall, bringing their brilliant shades of yellow, orange and red into the shorter days of autumn.
Blanket Flower
Goldenrod, Solidago (various species)
Solidago rugosa ‘Fireworks’ is the plant pictured here. Who wouldn’t mind this kind of fireworks in their fall landscape? This North American native will grace your garden with many panicles of bright yellow flowers. While not as tolerant of drought as some other plants on this list, it is fairly adaptable to most conditions in Colorado. This plant has been unfairly blamed for hayfever and allergies in the past, but scientists now tell us that Goldenrod is not the cause of your fall allergies. It is likely caused by other plants such as ragweed.
Goldenrod
Plumbago, Ceratostigma plumbaginoides
Plumbago is an indispensable groundcover. It does well in dry shade, and that is the type of conditions we typically place it in. However, we are finding it seems to be adaptable to sunnier locations as well. The blue-violet flowers that appear on this plant in late summer are eye-catching, as is the red-orange fall color of the foliage as autumn grows cooler.
Plumbago
This is the official blog of Outdoor Design Group, Colorado Landscape Architects. For more information about our business and our services, click here.
